Exploring Experiences, Barriers, and Needs in Medication and Dietary Adherence among Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Qualitative Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.67963/jiken.v2i4.80Keywords:
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Medication Adherence, Patient-Centered Care, Qualitative ResearchAbstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes requires sustained medication use and dietary modification, yet adherence is disrupted by treatment burden, family routines, food practices, financial constraints, and interpretations of illness. Understanding these interacting influences is essential for feasible patient-centred care.
Research Objective: This study aimed to explore patients’ experiences of medication and dietary adherence, identify perceived barriers, and describe the support needed for sustainable self-management.
Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted at Sandi Karsa Hospital from January to March 2026. Twenty-six people with type 2 diabetes were recruited through purposive sampling. Data were collected through face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Transcripts were analysed thematically. Credibility was supported through member checking, peer discussion, reflexive notes, and an audit trail. Data saturation occurred by interview 23 and was confirmed through three interviews.
Results: Five themes were identified: interpreting adherence through bodily experiences; managing practical medication barriers; negotiating dietary recommendations in family and social life; developing adherence strategies; and expecting individualised care. Participants sometimes adjusted medication according to symptoms, concerns about adverse effects, or disrupted routines. Dietary adherence was constrained by family meals, food costs, and social obligations. Medication routines, family reminders, affordable dietary guidance, and professional communication facilitated adherence.
Conclusion: Medication and dietary adherence were interconnected behaviours shaped by personal, relational, economic, and healthcare conditions. Sandi Karsa Hospital should implement family-inclusive counselling involving physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and nutritionists. Care should address treatment concerns, simplify routines, and provide culturally appropriate dietary recommendations.
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